“Current-induced switching of perpendicularly-magnetized magnetic layers using spin torque from the spin Hall effect.” L. Q. Liu, O. J. Lee, T. J. Gudmundsen, D. C. Ralph and R. A. Buhrman. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 096602 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.096602

“Spin torque switching with the giant spin Hall effect of tantalum.” L. Q. Liu, C.-F. Pai, Y. Li, H. W. Tseng, D. C. Ralph, and R. A. Buhrman.  Science 336, 555 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1218197

“Central role of domain wall depinning for perpendicular magnetization switching driven by spin torque from the spin Hall effect.” O. J. Lee, L. Q. Liu, C. F. Pai, Y. Li, H. W. Tseng, P. G. Gowtham, J. P. Park, D. C. Ralph, R. A. Buhrman, Phys Rev B 89, (Jan 28, 2014).https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.024418